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Discover how modern Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is being refined to achieve higher stone-free rates with lower morbidity in the management of kidney stones and complex renal calculi. In this documentary-style episode, Mr. Derek Hennessey and Dr. Daniah Alsaadi explore the step-by-step principles of contemporary percutaneous renal access, from preoperative CT planning, calyceal selection and papillary puncture to tract dilation, intrarenal pressure management, suction-enabled systems and lithotripsy. The session also examines the latest advances in Mini-PCNL, Ultra-mini PCNL, Micro-PCNL, and the growing role of robotic assistance, 3D reconstruction and augmented reality in endourology. Historical milestones are also included to provide context on how PCNL evolved into a gold-standard technique in stone surgery.
